Made in the Womb: Maternal Programming of Offspring Cardiovascular Function by an Obesogenic Womb

Obesity incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially in women of reproductive age. It is estimated that 50% pregnancies occur overweight or obese women. described maternal obesity (MO) predisposes the offspring to increased risk developing many chronic diseases early stage life, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD main cause death worldwide among men women, it manifested a sex-divergent way. Maternal nutrition MO during gestation could prompt development through adaptations offspring’s system womb, cardiac epigenetic persistent metabolic programming signaling pathways modulation mitochondrial function. Currently, despite diet supplementation, effective therapeutical solutions prevent deleterious function by obesogenic womb are lacking. In this review, we discuss mechanisms which intrauterine environment program metabolism way, with special focus on function, debate possible strategies implement pregnancy ameliorate, revert, even effects system. The impact physical exercise pregnancy, nutritional interventions, supplementation discussed, highlighting changes may be favorable health, might result attenuation prevention offspring. objectives manuscript comprehensively examine various aspects explore underlying contribute We review current literature its cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, potential long-term consequences for Understanding multifaceted health crucial healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers develop intervention improve care.